The desire to win in athletes caused a lot of athletes with extreme methods in general, without scientific basis and could impair the performance of sports with a risk of nutritional imbalance (shortage / surplus). Dear and the only visible effect (placebo effect) and tends to create dependency.
Eating disorders are common in athletes because they are too preoccupied with weight and a strong desire to win so that it becomes an obsession. The use of dietary supplements, especially vitamins are common in the sports world. Some supplements use rotein, mikronutruen, Yuang also try to avoid all fats and animal proteins.
What factors cause eating disorders for athletes? Usually caused by:
Tips from coaches or parents
Fear of negative consequences if not done
Superstition and ignorance of nutrition
The habit
Emulate the best senior athletes
Disorders
Eating disorders can be of any type, but it is mainly the clinical syndrome of anorexia nervosa and bulimia that may be encountered in the sports world, while pica and rumination / regurgitation of food is not a problem in the world of sport.
Many female athletes, especially athletes in the weight pengongtrolan dangerous. Biasan, it was found in athletes whose performance needs to look thin, but not commonly practiced large and heavy that it becomes very thin, but still want to maintain that weight. Ways that are often used include stimulating vomiting, fasting, use of diuretics or laxatives. As defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders:.
Anorexia:
Refusal to maintain body weight still considered normal minimum age and height.
Very afraid of being overweight, even though underweight.
Do you feel fat, even though people are already complaining very thin or the feeling that some of her look fat.
Among women with at least three times in a row no menstruation (amenorrhea if women are considered to arise only after receiving the hormones of menstruation).
Anorexia nervosa is mainly found among women (95%) usually begins during adolescence, but can be as young adults (30 years). There is a tendency of family structures and the appearance is often associated with stressful situations.
Bulimia
Repeating a quick meal, a lot of panache and a certain time.
They feel less able to control eating behavior during the meal with taste and lots of it.
Ordinary people will regurgitate the food in the back, using laxatives or diretikum, a strict diet or fasting, or exercising in the weight to prevent weight gain.
At least 2 times a week for at least 3 months of eating voraciously and much has been done.
Self-evaluation is influenced by excessive attention to the shape and weight.
Generally, people who eat and spit in secret. Vomiting, stomach pain so bad if you want, you can continue to eat again. Bulimia is usually begin during adolescence or adulthood. His parents are often obese and bulimic adolescents are often obese. Patients with bulimia may vomit 20 times or more by mutual agreement.
Because the behavior of eating disorders
Due to the lack of food, including:
Nutritional deficiencies such as anemia
Decreased muscle mass and reduced muscle function
Glycogen decreased.
Depression
Decreased resistance to cold
Eating disorders can lead to amenorrhea in women can lead to decreased bone density and increased bone mineral disorders, is a triad of diseases / disorders.
Male athletes also occur in the suppression of testosterone production. The use of laxatives, medication administration bodies, diuretikum and vomiting can cause electrolyte and mineral deficiencies that can cause digestive and cardiac disorders such as constipation and bloating.
Anorexia signs
Weight down with a large
The mind is always food, calories and weight
Weight training and not be tired
Feelings are fickle
Avoid meetings where meals are provided
Suddenly he decided not to eat red meat
Classification of foods into your diet is considered good and the food is not good.
But keep in mind that these signs can also occur without signs of anorexia nervosa.
A sign of bulimia
Decrease or increase in body weight, which means
Very afraid of gaining weight.
Go to the bathroom immediately after eating.
Depression / Depression.
Following a strict diet and eat a lot of enthusiasm.
Critics of the size and shape of the body.
Treatment
In the early stages of eating disorders, perhaps before or irregular menstruation before falling with a great education, nutrition, weight loss alone may be sufficient to prevent the clinical manifestations of anorexia nervosa.
The processing is necessary:
- Medical treatment
- Treatment of dietary
- Psychological Treatment
In case of serious complications or suicide attempts, eating, patients should be treated:
In bulimia nervosa, nutrition education is needed to:
1. The elimination of dietary factors that can trigger eating a lot and Taste
2. Try eating a normal / normal.
3. Changing attitudes abnormal food, weight and diet.
Some types of eating disorders in athletes
1. Vegetarian
Many athletes use a vegetarian diet, do not want to use the feed, because they believe it is healthy vegetarian diet, providing more energy and not fat. There are athletes who strive to stay slim, as bodybuilders, athletes, gymnasts, dancers and athletes dive. The athletes generally avoid animal feed, but do not use a substitute material. You could say I’m a new type of vegetarian, vegetarian really is.
2. Fiber too
With a very high fiber diet can cause bloating and diarrhea and can be difficult to meet its energy needs, as well as the fiber can be a barrier to absorb micronutrients.
3. Low-calorie menu
Was low in calories (very low) can not generally meet the needs of energy and other nutrients such as iron, calcium and zinc. Energy efficiency, but can also lead to the loss of capacity and performance for the year. Fast weight loss diet low in calories as glycogen depleted, fluid loss and loss of muscle mass gluconeogenesis.
Thus, the risks arising from the degradation of performance caused by insufficient energy reserves and long term, will be a decrease in muscle strength and endurance due to the decrease in muscle mass. After a little ‘weight of time can not come down, but it could have been a change in body composition.
4. The mixture of food ingredients
There is a belief that assumes that carbohydrates and proteins can not be digested simultaneously so that should not be consumed at the time, the same thing. In addition, the fruits should not be consumed with other food ingredients and the fruit should be eaten only between the hours of 4:00 to 0:00 is the time it is the cleanliness of the body.
This theory has no basis in scientific fact. But the successful application of this theory, since many dietary restrictions so that all inputs, especially very low fat, causing weight loss. But the entry of iron, calcium and zinc in athletes less taboo may also lead to a shortage of carbohydrates and proteins.
5. The mixture of food ingredients
This diet is only allowed to eat fruits and nuts at this stage of the cleaning process takes from 4 am to noon.
6. The mixture of food ingredients
Usually these products are mainly used by people who want to lose weight and athletes who want to increase muscle mass, reduce body fat, or more generally to improve strength and athletic performance. About herbal medicine said to be a blood purifier and to treat allergies.
Many herbs that contain diuretics and laxatives. In fact, this material should not be used because it will lead to dehydration, which degrade the performance of athletes in this sport.
7. Management regime: some schemes can lead to eating disorders
Conclusion
1. In front of the athletes should be aware that among the athletes who have behavioral problems or disorders of eating vegetarian is often apparent, because I’m not a vegetarian by religion online. So it must be controlled and rational mind, including beliefs in a variety of foods able to understand the behavior of eating badly. Evaluation based on the DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), can be very useful for the diagnosis of eating disorders are hidden.
2. The hardest part is when the athlete is not aware of the situation, the coach still wanted to maintain a low body weight, or if weight loss is very small and has no side effects, for example. Amenorrhea. Cooperation with the psychologist needed in case management.
3. Knowledge for the loss of low-fat diet and weight loss / body that are inappropriate can also be given to parents and coaches:
Mainly due to the weight loss of muscle tissue
Exercise does not give effect to low muscle mass
Enough carbohydrates needed for muscle glycogen, the entry will not only be able to limit the exercise
Eating disorders can lead to amenorrhea and increase the risk of bone loss and incidence of stress fractures.
4. When evaluating the feeding behavior can be used DSM-III-R. In addition, it can also be grown for athletes who have been diagnosed with eating disorders can be met with the athletes who have reasonable and good eating habits in order to eliminate confusion and ensure that athletes are where good advice.
5. Provide nutrition education of educators must be aware that athletes often use nutritional supplements that are considered healthy and can improve athletic performance.
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